Training, detraining and retraining effects of moderate vs. high intensity exercise training programme on cardiovascular risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of training, 7 weeks of detraining and 16 weeks of retraining using a moderate or high intensity training programme on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. METHOD: Thirty-four patients took part in the study. The intensity training was 80-90% of maximum heart rate for the high-intensity training (HIT) group ( n  = 15) and at 50-70% of maximum heart rate for the moderate training (MT) group ( n  = 19). Blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, fasting glucose, strength and cardiovascular fitness were analysed. RESULTS: The first training period did not decrease blood pressure, but the second training period saw significant decreases in blood pressures in HIT group. Moreover, 12 weeks of MT or HIT did not decrease body mass, body mass index or fat mass. However, after 7 weeks of detraining, the inclusion of a second training period using HIT saw decreases in these body composition variables. Both training periods and intensities improved high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but only HIT decreased total cholesterol. In addition, after 7 weeks of detraining, the lipid profile variables returned to baseline values. Additionally, 16 weeks of retraining with HIT or MT decreased blood glucose significantly. Moreover, MT and HIT training programmes in both periods improved cardiorespiratory fitness, but with 7 weeks of detraining, it returned to baseline values. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated the effectiveness of the inclusion of a MT or HIT programme as adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients.

Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Condition of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs in Subjects with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

We compared the effect of two community-based physical activity (PA) programs on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and physical condition in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Fifty-one subjects participated in the "ACTIVA Murcia" AM3 program characterized by non-individualized training loads for 3 months, and forty-two participated in the AM6 program characterized by individualized progressive training loads for 6 months. Both programs included a 6-month follow-up period without PA. HRQL was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and physical condition by VO2 max, strength, flexibility, and balance. Participants in the AM6 program as compared with those in the AM3 program showed significantly higher scores in the subscales of physical functioning, mental health, energy/vitality, and general health. Mental health and general health at 6 months of follow-up were also scored significantly higher by AM6 participants. VO2 max and flexibility improved more in the AM6 group, whereas strength was better in the AM3 group. Half of the participants in the AM6 program expressed a strong willingness to continue exercising vs. 38% in the AM3 program. In this study, a community-based PA program with individualized progressive training loads of 6-month duration showed a more favorable impact on HRQL than a 3-month non-individualized PA program.

DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): modifiable determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years-a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policymakers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A search will be performed in MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) that investigate the effect of interventions on PAB/SB and longitudinal studies that investigate the associations between modifiable determinants and PAB/SB at multiple time points will be sought. Risk of bias assessments will be performed using adapted versions of Cochrane's RoB V.2.0 and ROBINS-I tools for RCTs and CTs, respectively, and an adapted version of the National Institute of Health's tool for longitudinal studies. Data will be synthesised narratively and, where possible, MAs will be performed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Modifiable determinants will be discussed considering the settings in which they were investigated and the PAB/SB measurement methods used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical approval is needed as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences where possible. The BESt will also be shared with policy makers within the DE-PASS consortium in the first instance. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CRD42021282874.

Beneficios de un programa de ejercicio físico comunitario prescrito desde Atención Primaria en la salud de mujeres perimenopáusicas/menopaúsicas / Benefits of a community physical exercise program prescribed from primary care for perimenopausal/menopausal women

Objetivo:Medir los beneficios de un programa comunitario de ejercicio físico, a través de las modificaciones que se producen en calidad de vida, y condición física de mujeres perimenopáusicas-menopáusicas.EmplazamientoLas participantes fueron reclutadas en consultas de Atención Primaria (AP) de dos centros de Salud de Molina de Segura (Murcia).ParticipantesMujeres de entre 40 y 70 años o menores de 40 diagnosticadas de menopausia precoz.DiseñoEstudio cuasiexperimental, no aleatorizado, controlado, abierto y unicéntrico con dos ramas paralelas a estudio.IntervenciónGrupo experimental: programa de ejercicio ACTIVA-Salud Ósea durante seis meses. Control: Inactivos.Mediciones principalesCalidad de vida mediante cuestionario SF36.Condición físicaCondición aeróbica, flexibilidad, equilibrio y fuerza, medida con los test de la milla, flamenco y el cajón, así como lanzamiento del balón medicinal, respectivamente. Nivel de actividad física a través del General practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y se midió la adherencia al programa.ResultadosLa calidad de vida mejoró en el grupo intervención vs. control, salvo la dimensión «dolor corporal» (p = 0,412). A nivel intragrupo, presentan mejoría significativa todas las dimensiones, a excepción de «función física» (p = 0,263) y «dolor corporal» (p = 0,136). Las capacidades físicas que más se beneficiaron fueron la condición aeróbica, fuerza y equilibrio.ConclusionesEl pilotaje del Programa de ejercicio físico Activa Salud Ósea demostró beneficios sobre la calidad de vida física y mental de las participantes. Además, se constata que la realización de un ejercicio específico para mujeres premenopáusicas-menopáusicas mejora su condición física.

Objective:To measure the benefits of a physical exercise program in a community, through the modifications in quality of life, and perimenopausal–menopausal women physical condition.SettingThe participants were recruited in PC consultations from two health centers in Molina de Segura (Murcia).ParticipantsWomen between 40 and 70 years old, or under 40 of age diagnosed with early menopause.DesignQuasi-experimental study, non-randomized, controlled, open and single-center with 2 parallel branches to study.InterventionExperimental group: ACTIVA Bone Health Program for six months. Control: inactive.Main measurements in both groupsThe SF 36 questionnaire was used to measure the Quality of life.Physical conditionAerobic condition, flexibility, balance and strength measured with the mile, flamenco, flexibility box tests, and throwing the medicine ball, respectively. Physical activity level through the GPPAQ Questionnaire. Sociodemographic variables were collected and the adherence to the program was measured.ResultsThe quality of life improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, except «Body Pain» dimension (p = 0.412). As regards the intragroup level, all dimensions showed significant improvement except both «Physical Function» (p = 0.263) and «Body Pain» (p = 0.136). The physical capacities that benefited most were aerobic fitness, strength and balance.ConclusionsThe Active Bone Health Physical Exercise Program piloting showed benefits on participants’ physical and mental quality of life. In addition, it has been shown that performing a specific physical exercise for premenopausal–menopausal women improves their physical condition.

[Benefits of a community physical exercise program prescribed from primary care for perimenopausal/menopausal women]. / Beneficios de un programa de ejercicio físico comunitario prescrito desde Atención Primaria en la salud de mujeres perimenopáusicas/menopaúsicas.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the benefits of a physical exercise program in a community, through the modifications in quality of life, and perimenopausal-menopausal women physical condition. SETTING: The participants were recruited in PC consultations from two health centers in Molina de Segura (Murcia). PARTICIPANTS: Women between 40 and 70 years old, or under 40 of age diagnosed with early menopause. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study, non-randomized, controlled, open and single-center with 2 parallel branches to study. INTERVENTION: Experimental group: ACTIVA Bone Health Program for six months. CONTROL: inactive. MAIN MEASUREMENTS IN BOTH GROUPS: The SF 36 questionnaire was used to measure the Quality of life. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Aerobic condition, flexibility, balance and strength measured with the mile, flamenco, flexibility box tests, and throwing the medicine ball, respectively. Physical activity level through the GPPAQ Questionnaire. Sociodemographic variables were collected and the adherence to the program was measured. RESULTS: The quality of life improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, except «Body Pain¼ dimension (p = 0.412). As regards the intragroup level, all dimensions showed significant improvement except both «Physical Function¼ (p = 0.263) and «Body Pain¼ (p = 0.136). The physical capacities that benefited most were aerobic fitness, strength and balance. CONCLUSIONS: The Active Bone Health Physical Exercise Program piloting showed benefits on participants' physical and mental quality of life. In addition, it has been shown that performing a specific physical exercise for premenopausal-menopausal women improves their physical condition.

Acute Effects of Surgical and FFP2 Face Masks on Physiological Responses and Strength Performance in Persons with Sarcopenia.

Due to COVID-19, wearing a face mask to reduce virus transmission is currently mandatory in some countries when participants practice exercise in sports centers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of wearing a surgical or FFP2 mask during a resistance training session. Fourteen people with sarcopenia (age: 59.40 ± 5.46 years; weight: 68.78 ± 8.31 kg; height: 163.84 ± 9.08 cm) that participated in the study performed three training sessions in a randomized order: 4 sets of 10 repetitions of a half-squat at 60% of the one-repetition maximum and 90 s of rest between set and were either (a) without a mask (NM), (b) wearing a surgical face mask (SM), and (c) wearing a FFP2 face mask (FFP2). We found that wearing face masks had no effect on strength performance (session mean propulsive velocity (m/s): WM: 0.396 ± 0.042; SM: 0.387 ± 0.037; and FFP2: 0.391 ± 0.042 (p = 0.918)). Additionally, no impact of wearing a mask was found on heart rate, heart rate variability, blood lactate concentration (WM: 4.17 ± 1.89; SM: 4.49 ± 2.07; and FFP2: 5.28 ± 2.45 mmol/L (p = 0.447)), or rating of perceived exertion. Wearing a surgical or FFP2 face mask during a resistance training session resulted in similar strength performance and physiological responses than the same exercise without a mask in persons with sarcopenia.

High versus Low-Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Program as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Medication: A Pilot Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVE: In this pilot clinical study we investigated the effect on blood pressure (BP) of two community-based exercise training programs of high (HIT) vs. low-moderate intensity (LMIT) in hypertensive individuals receiving at least one antihypertensive drug. METHODS: The study included two phases of physical exercises based on 1-h session, 3 days/week for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively, separately by a 7-week resting period. Each phase was preceded by a four-week conditioning training period. According to the average maximal heart rate at baseline, participants were randomized to HIT (80-90%), LMIT (50-70%) or no-exercise (control). Heart rate was monitored during workout and BP profiles were registered by ambulatory BP monitoring at the beginning and end of each phase. RESULTS: Of 60 individuals randomized, 44 completed the study (HIT, n = 10; LMIT, n = 16; controls, n = 18). BP levels were significantly reduced after the second phase for both LMIT (SBP -3.1 mmHg, DBP -2.4 mmHg) and HIT (SBP -10.8 mmHg, DBP -8.3 mmHg). Similar levels of improvement were also found in daytime and night-time BP. Mean attendance of the prescribed training sessions was 87.4 ± 6.2% for HIT and 87.4 ± 5.3% for LMIT during the first phase and 84.1 ± 5.0% and 85.2 ± 5.9% during the second phase, respectively (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Both HIT and LMIT exercise training programs reduced BP but the HIT modality showed a lower rate of compliance with proposed training schedule. Intensity of training should be individually prescribed to improve tolerance to more high intensity exercises.

Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people's health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.

Feasibility of implementing a preventive physical exercise programme recommended by general practitioners in cardiovascular risk patients: A pre-post comparison study.

Background: Physical inactivity implies a significant individual and society health burden.Objectives: To assess the feasibility of implementing a preventive physical exercise (PE) programme for the general population and to analyse changes in fitness-related variables and quality of life.Methods: Pre-post comparison study in which general practitioners and nurses recommended PE to participants with sedentary behaviour and hypertension or dyslipidaemia attending in primary care for primary prevention of ischaemic cardiovascular disease. Eligible participants were referred to a PE programme (10 weeks, three days a week, a total of 30 sessions of one-hour duration). Data was collected for five years (2013-2017). Outcome measures were body weight, body mass index (BMI), physical condition (aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, balance), and quality of life (SF-36).Results: The PE programme was offered to 6,140 eligible subjects; 5,077 (82.7%) accepted to participate and received a recommendation; 3,656 (69.6% women) started the programme and 2,962 subjects (80.9% women) finished the programme. After 10 weeks, there were significant improvements (mean difference, 95% CI) in aerobic fitness (2.55 ml/min/kg, 2.32-2.79), muscle strength (0.62 m, 0.57 to 0.67), flexibility (2.34 cm, 2.06 to 2.63) and balance (-0.46 falls, -0.60 to -0.33) as well as significant decreases in body weight (-0.41 kg, -0.64 to -0.17) and BMI (-0.27 kg/m2, -0.34 to -0.20).Conclusion: Implementation of a government-supported PE programme for the general population recruited in the primary care setting and recommended by healthcare professionals is feasible, and was associated with health benefits, mainly improvements in physical fitness.

What Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Load is Optimal in Minimizing Urine Loss in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pelvic floor muscle training is commonly used for urine loss. However, research studies have not determined which training load is the most effective for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Moreover, none of the previous reviews or studies have described the total effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with an objective test such as the pad test. The objectives were to analyze the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in women with SUI and to determine which training load produces the greatest adaptations for decreasing urine loss. The search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane), for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of PFMT. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: participants were women; were older than 18; had SUI; were treated with PFMT; and the assessments of the effects were measured with a pad test. Finally, 10 articles (293 women) analyzed the pad test in women with SUI who performed PFMT. The meta-analysis showed that PFMT, independent of the protocol used in the study, resulted in decreased urine loss in women suffering from SUI. However, for large effects, the program should last 6-12 weeks, with >3 sessions/week and a length of session <45 min.

Identificación de un cadáver a través de los implantes dentales / Corpse identification through dental implants

Presentamos un caso de identificación de un cadáver en avanzado estado de putrefacción, momificado en gran parte y parcialmente esqueletizado y con pérdida de rasgos faciales, mediante el estudio de los implantes dentales que portaba. La identificación mediante estudio odontológico se viene utilizando en casos de cadáveres carbonizados, con múltiples víctimas o cuando no es posible proceder a una identificación por medio de ADN, que es el método de excelencia, con el hándicap de necesitar los registros dentales previos del individuo. No obstante, en el caso de sujetos edéntulos, podrían estudiarse los trabajos dentales llevados a cabo, bien prótesis dentales o, como en este caso, los implantes dentales (tipo, marca y localización concreta). Sin embargo, se hace imprescindible una marca identificativa del material utilizado, unas bases de datos de las casas comerciales, y una buena comunicación entre los profesionales que intervienen en la identificación

The case is presented on the identification of a corpse in an advanced state of putrefaction, mummified, and partially skeletonised and with loss of facial features, by studying its dental implants. Identification by dental study is being used in cases of carbonised cadavers, multiple victims, or when it is not possible to proceed with identification using DNA, which is the method of choice par excellence, with the handicap of needing the individual's previous dental records. However, in the case of lacking their own teeth, dental work carried out, dental prostheses or, as in this case, dental implants (type, brand and specific location) could be studied. However, it is essential to identify the material used, databases of commercial firms, and good communication between the professionals involved in identification

Hiponatremia grave secundaria a potomanía de bebidas isotónicas en un paciente esquizofrénico / No disponible

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Bacteriemia, neumonía y meningitis por Streptococcus constellatum / Bacteremia, pneumonia and meningitis due to Streptococcus constellatum

No disponible

No disponible